ACCUSING, DENYING, APOLOGIZING
Most
students now look upon higher education principally as training for a
particular kind of job, and it is the hope of well- paid, interesting
work, together with a superior social status. Governments also tend to
see higher education as a course of training for future workers. This is
particularly true of developing countries, where there is an urgent
need for specialists of all kinds and governments expect a direct
return for the money they have invested in education. The goal of
higher education has become the acquisition of a highly specialized
expertise which can be put to practical use in a career.
A
university course, in whatever subject, is seen as a basic requirement
for many professions. Some institutions prepare students from the start
for one specific type of example, teacher training –colleges or shools
of medicine or agriculture.At the same time the traditional seclusion of
the scholarly community has been disrupted.
Nevertheless,
many peple think that in focusing upon expertise rather than upon
wisdom, modern education is missing out what is of most value. It is
still vital that from higher education students should above all acquire
wisdom that is sense of responsibility for the application of their
knowledge, an understanding of how their work is related to other areas
of life, and a sense of values in their own lives.
Vocabulary:
seclusion
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: keeping a part
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disrupted
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: separated by a force
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STRUCTURE
1.
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Simple
Present Tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu kebiasaan, sedangkan
Present Continuous Tense digunkan untuk menunjukkan suatu perbuatan
yang terjadi ketika sedang dibicarakan.
Contoh :
I read the newspaper every day
I am studying English now.
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2.
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Simple Past Tense
digunakan jika ketika terjadi peristiwa waktunya
diketahui/disebutkan, sedangkan Present Perfect Tense jika waktu tidak
diketahui/ tidak disebutkan
Contoh :
I wrote my exercise last night
I have written my exercise.
EXERCISE :
Questionaire:
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MATERI 2: SEEKING COOL CLASSROOM FOR SON
After
failing to persuade the Texas Education Agency and the state Board of
Education to order classroom air conditioning, the man took their
case to federal court, arguing that the district is violating a law
that requires handicapped children be educated in the “least
restrictive environment”
Raul
testified that he decided to build the box instead of air
conditioning the room for fear of jealousy among other parents and
teachers. Raul said he turned down a woman from that country who
offered to pay for air conditioning because that would have been
“discrimination.”
GRAMMAR IN FOCUS
THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE.
Raul testified that he decided to build the box.
A. bentuk : Subyek + kt Kerja bentuk ke dua
Contoh He worked
They worked
-Kalimat
negatip dibentuk dengan menambahkan “did not “ sebelum kata kerjanya
dan bentuk kata kerjanya menjadi infinitive tanpa to
Contoh : He worked menjadi He did not work
- Kalimat tanya dibentuk dengan meletakkan ‘ did ‘ di depan kalimat .(jadi semua dengan did tanpa membedakan subyeknya)
- Contoh : He worked menjadi Did he work ?
They worked menjadi Did they work ?
(bukan Did he worked atau Did he works)
-‘Dis not’ dalam kalimat negatip atau kalimat tanya negatip biasanya disingkat “didn’t
Contoh : I didn’t work atau Didn’t I work?
B. Penggunaan Simple Past Tense
- Bila dalam kalimat tanya ditentukan/disertakan keterangan waktunya
Contoh : I met him yesterday
- Bila menanyakan waktu kejadian itu / kapan berlangsungnya.
Contoh : When did you meet him ? ) catatan : to meet –met-met
- Untuk suatu perbuatan yang berlangsung pada saat yang sudah diketahui walaupun keterangan waktunya tidak disertakan.
Contoh : The Taxi was 10 minutes late
I bought this car in Semarang.
-Digunakan untuk kebiasaan di masa lampau .
Contoh ; He always drank wine (sekarang sudah tak pernah mabuk)
She smoked sigarrette (sekarang sudah tak merokok lagi)
-Digunakan untuk percakapan atau tanya jawab setelah present perfect tense digunakan
Contoh ; Did you enjoy it ? Yes, I enjoyed it.
- Digunakan dalam kalimat syarat setelah : as if, as though, it is time, if only, wish, would sooner
Contoh : If it is rained for six months (hal yang tak akan terjadi)
I wish I knew
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ?
1. Is you classroom air-conditioned?
2. Is there anyone in your classroom who is handicapped?
3. What is your opinion about education ? put a tick (V) in the appropriate blanks.
SA = strongly agree
A = Agree
NS = Not Sure
D = Disagree
SD = Strongly Disagee
MATERI 3: MUSIC LOVERS LIVE LONGER
Listening
the music, particularly classics, can help you to live longer
according to researcher, Mr. Fadhlan.. He believes that music lovers
suffer less from stress and high blood presure than people who do not
enjoy music. As a part of three-year study he brought groups of people
together to listen to music. He found that their blood pressure was
much lower when they were listening to classical music than when they
were left to talk to each other.
Mr.
Fadhlan, a researcher at the nusic college of Lowa University, does
not enjoy classical music himself. But he said yesterday : “ I am
seriously thinking of appreciating classical more, “
GRAMMAR IN FOCUS
THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE.
They were listening to classical music
a. bentuk : Subyek + was/were + ing form
Contoh He was working
They rere working
They were listening to classic music
b. Penggunaan Past Continuous Tense.
-Untuk suatu kejadian yang berlangsungnya bertahap.
Contoh : It was getting darker.
The wind was rising.
- Untuk suatu perbuatan yang sudah dimulai di masa lampau.dan masih akan dilanjutkan setelah itu.
- Contoh : At 8.00 he was having breakfast (berarti bahwa untuk melakukan makan pagi memerlukan periode waktu,)
- Bila
terdapat bagian kalimat dalam bentuk past tense . tapi dengan syarat
Past continuous tense tersebut untuk kejadian yang berlangsungnya
lebih lama..
- Contoh : When I arrived, Tom was talking on the telephon.
- Digunakan
dalam diskripsi suatu karangan. Tetapi apabila karangan tersebut
dalam bentuk narasi, dengan waktu, maka Past aaaaaaatense harus
diguanakan.
- Contoh : A girl was playing the piano and (was) singing softly to herself.
- Digunakan dalam percakapan tak langsung dalam bentuk ampau.
Contoh : He says : “I am living in London (direct speech)
He said that he was living in London (indirect speech)
-Digunakan untuk kebiasaan di masa lampau yang menjengkelkan atau membuat kacau. . biasanya menggunakan “always”
Contoh ; He was always ringing me up
-Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang terjadinya secara kebetulan ,
Contoh; I was talking to Tom the other day.
.-Digunakan untuk menghaluskan suatu pertanyaan.
Contoh: What were you doing before you come here?
Home Work :
Write down an Indonesian song and translate it into English or from English song to Indonesian.
MATERI 4: OUR STRANGE LANGUAGE
I think you already know
A mouth is not a mud in mother.
Nor both in bother or in brother.
And here is not a match for there
Nor dear and fear for bear .
And there is a rose and lose.
Just look them up –and goose and choose,
And fork and work and card and car
And from and front and word and sword
Come ,come , I have hardly made a start
A strange language
Man alive
I had mastered it when I was five.
GRAMMAR IN FOCUS
THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
I have hardly made a start
a. Bentuk : Subyek + have/has + past paarticiple.
Contoh He has worked
They have worked
You have worked
b. Penyingkatan: Have / has not dapat diringkas penulisannya .
-Contoh : She has not worked menjadi : She hasn’t worked
c. Penggunaan :
- Untuk perbuatan yang baru saja selesai .
Contoh : He has just gone out,
- Untuk suatu perbuatan lampau yang waktunya tak ditentukan atau diketahui berlangsungnya.
Contoh : I have read the instruction but I don’t understand them.
- Untuk suatu perbuatan yang sudah dilakukan dan dapat terjadi lagi di masa mendatang.
Contoh : I have seen wolves in that forest ( lain kali mungkin masih akan bertemu dengan serigala lagi di hutan itu)
Tetapi : I used to see wolves here (berarti dulu saya bisa melihat serigala tetapi sekarang tidak melihat lagi).
- Digunakan bersama dengan lately, recently, y et.
Contoh : He has not finished yet.
Catatan
: Dapat pula menggunakan periode waktu seperti : to day, this week,
this month, this year, tetapi dengan syarat waktunya yang tepat
tida/ belum diketahui. Bila waktu kejadian sudah diketahui maka yang
digunkan adalah past tense.
Sedangkan
untuk keterangan waktu this morning hanya sampai jam 13,00 dan
untuk this afternoon sampai jam 17.00. Apabila melebihi waktu
tersebut berarti tonight dan harus menggunakan past tense.
Contoh : Have you seen him today ( jam nya tak jelas)
He went back to work this morning.
- Untuk suatu perbuatan yang sudah berl;angsung sejak dulu dan kejadiannya berakhir pada waktu dibicarakan.
Contoh : (Ketika sedang menyapu dia berkata ): This room has not been cleaned for months.
Digunakan untuk kalimat yang menggunakan keterangan waktu ‘ for ‘ dan ‘since’.
Contoh : We have lived in Kendal for ten years (dan sekarang
masih tinggal di Kendal).
Catatan ; Untuk kata ‘since ‘ tidak digunakan’ the’ sesudahnya dan
untuk’ for’ digunakan’ the’ sesudahnya . Jadi yang ada ‘since last
week’ dan’ for the last week’.
- Digunakan dalam bahasa surat menyurat, surat kabar dan radio dengan catatan :
- Dalam surat menyurat semua kalimaty dalam bentuk Presnt Perfect Tense .
Contoh : I am sory I haven’t written for such a lng time , but I have been very busy lately as my partner has been away…..
- Dalam surat kabar atau radio hanya pada kalimat pertama saja untuk selanjutnya Past Tense yang digunakan.
Contoh
: Thirty thousand pounds worth of jewellery has been stolen from
Jonathan Wild and Company. The thieves broke into the flat above some
time during Sunday night.
HOME WORK : WRITE DOWN A POEM IN ENGLISH 8 SENTENCES MINIMALY. ( you can make by your self or take from a magazine etc)
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